What to do at each stage of a trip

Most problems can be foreseen in advance. Preparation reduces both anxiety and risk.

• Assess whether grounds for an international alert exist and check the data if in doubt.
• Study the route: departure, transit and arrival countries and their cooperation treaties.
• Avoid layovers in countries with active extradition to the initiating state.
• Prepare your documents and keep a contact for urgent legal help.
• Tell a trusted person your route and a plan in case of delay.

A transit zone is not always “neutral”: checks are possible here too.

• Remember a transit zone may fall under the jurisdiction of the layover country.
• Where possible choose direct flights over connections.
• Do not leave the transit zone without need and an understanding of the risks.
• Keep an emergency contact at hand.
• If services raise questions, stay calm and avoid unnecessary statements.

The border is the point of greatest scrutiny. Behaviour here matters.

• Answer questions calmly, to the point and without unnecessary detail.
• Carry proof of your trip's purpose and return tickets where appropriate.
• Do not present documents whose validity is questionable.
• Being taken for secondary screening is not always detention; keep composure.
• If problems arise, contact legal support as soon as possible.

A document check is routine, but it should be handled wisely.

• Present only valid and lawfully obtained documents.
• Do not get into conflict or try to hide your identity — it makes things worse.
• Note how the check proceeds: who, where and on what basis.
• Do not sign papers you do not understand without translation and advice.
• Clarify the basis for the check if appropriate and safe.

The first hours are critical. The right actions preserve defence options.

• Immediately assert the right to a lawyer and an interpreter.
• Give no statements and sign nothing without counsel.
• Notify a trusted contact and, where possible, the consulate.
• Memorise details: time, grounds, officers' actions.
• Do not agree to simplified procedures without legal advice.

The right to remain silent and to counsel are your main safeguards.

• You have the right not to incriminate yourself — use it.
• Answer questions only with a lawyer present.
• Do not try to “explain everything yourself” — it often harms the defence.
• Demand translation if the language is not your own.
• Stay calm and polite without getting into conflict.